Arkansas

Some 30,000 acres of Arkansas soybeans had to be replanted in 2004 because of fungal seedling diseases, according to best estimates, said Dr. Chris Tingle, soybean specialist for the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture.

"Each year, growers are trying to plant earlier," Tingle said. "With Arkansas' climate, such early crops face the potential for cool, rainy weather that stimulates seed diseases."

Ongoing Division of Agriculture research is showing the effectiveness of using broad-spectrum fungicide seed treatments as a line of defense against soil borne pathogens like Pythium that attack soybean seed. Plant pathologist Dr. John Rupe is also studying the use of varying planting methods to improve disease management.

In research supported by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board, Rupe, Tingle and plant pathologists Dr. Rick Cartwright and Dr. Craig Rothrock are determining whether raised seedbeds offer advantages.

In test plots at research and extension centers, treated and untreated soybean seed has been planted on both raised beds and conventional fields at varying row widths and planting dates. Rupe said both high- and low-quality seed are used with planters, drills and broadcast.

In the first year of a three-year study, Rupe said raised beds are showing promise.

"The advantage of raised beds is that they get the seeds above water in wet planting seasons," he said. "Also, the beds are warmer, which helps provide better emergence than planting in flat ground, especially in early-planted soybeans."

He also saw some differences in the type of equipment used for planting.

"The fields seeded with a planter had better stand counts than those where a drill or broadcast were used, because the planter provided better soil contact," he said.

Rupe is also looking at nine different seed treatments used with high- and low-quality seed at three planting dates (April, May, June) and at three locations (Keiser, Stuttgart and Hope). "Four of these treatments showed significant differences in effectiveness in initial tests," he said.

With rising costs of seed, fuel and other inputs, replanting fields because of losses from seed diseases has a big economic impact on the state and makes the Division of Agriculture research critically important to growers, Tingle said.

"The key for Arkansas producers is to determine the most productive method and what reduces risk of diseases," he said.

Rupe is also researching cultivar resistance to fungal diseases.

"Originally, resistance was found in Archer, a Group I cultivar that is not adapted to Arkansas," he said. "Now we're looking at four commercial varieties adapted to Arkansas, two of which appear to have resistance. We're testing them with and without a Pythium fungicide."

Seed treatments have limited effectiveness and wear off with time, he said. Natural resistance is always there.

"We want to see if we can identify resistance and see how effective it is," Rupe said. "We will take these to yield and see how they perform."

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DIFFERENT METHODS--University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture plant pathologist Dr. John Rupe compares stands of soybeans planted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser. The test plots were planted with different methods under study as means of managing seedling diseases. (Courtesy photo.)

Date: 1/27/05

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